One of the most important process parameters of tin bronze annealing is the maximum heating temperature. The annealing heating temperature of most alloys is selected based on the phase diagram of the alloy series. The annealing temperature of various copper sleeves and copper alloys, depending on the specific annealing purpose, is a certain temperature above Ac3 and above or below Ac1 of each copper species. The annealing temperature of various non-ferrous alloys is a temperature below the solidus temperature and above or below the solid solubility temperature of the alloy.
Homogenization annealing, also known as diffusion annealing, is an annealing method applied to ingots or castings of tin bronze, silicon bronze, and aluminum bronze. The ingot or casting is heated to a higher temperature below the solidus temperature of each alloy, kept for a long time, and then slowly cooled down. Homogenization annealing is to make the elements in the alloy diffuse in a solid state to reduce the inhomogeneity of the chemical composition, mainly to reduce the inhomogeneity of the chemical composition in the grain size. The homogenization annealing temperature is so high to accelerate the diffusion of alloy elements and shorten the holding time as much as possible. The homogenization annealing temperature of the copper sleeve is much higher than Ac3, usually 1050～1200℃. The temperature for homogenization annealing of non-ferrous alloy ingots is generally "0.95×solidus temperature (K)". Homogenization annealing has a large heat consumption due to the high heating temperature and long holding time.
After the tin bronze copper parts are annealed and cooled, a uniform thin transparent non-stripping film can be produced on the metal surface, so that copper and copper alloys have good anti-tarnishing and anti-oxidation capabilities.
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